Uyikhetha kanjani ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqwe ngokubandayo engu-316L ukuze isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo?

• Ama-316 kanye nama-316L akhethwa ukuze asetshenziswe njenge-cellulite uma ukumelana ne-chloride kanye nokushibilika kubalulekile.
• I-coil egoqekile ebandayo iyathandwa uma ikhwalithi yobuso, ukuthamba, kanye nokubekezelela ukujiya kuthinta ukwakheka noma ukubukeka.
• Ukucaciswa okufanele kuncike endaweni, ukuqeda, ubulukhuni, kanye nendlela yokwenza, hhayi nje kuphela ebangeni le-alloy.
• Izinqumo zangempela zokuthenga kufanele ziqinisekise i-chemistry, ukuhambisana ne-ASTM noma i-EN, kanye namadokhumenti okuhlola ngaphambi kokukhishwa.

Kubathengi abaqhathanisayoIkhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqiwe ebandayo engu-316L, umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi ngabe indawo yesevisi idinga yiniikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali engagqwali engagqwalienokumelana okungcono kwe-chloride kune-304. Ezindaweni zamanzi olwandle kanye nezimo ezithwala i-chloride, ukugqwala kwemigodi kanye ne-crevice kuba yizingozi ezinkulu, kanti i-molybdenum eyengeziwe kuma-alloy ohlobo lwe-316 yisona sizathu esenza onjiniyela abaningi bachaze lo mndeni ngenxaikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali yebanga lolwandleizinhlelo zokusebenza. NgokushoI-ASTM A240, ishidi lensimbi engagqwali kanye nemininingwane ye-strip ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezivamile zokuhlinzekwa kwekhoyili ezisetshenziswa ekucindezelweni nasekusetshenzisweni okungewona ukucindezela, kuyilaphoI-ISO 9444-1:2009ichaza ukubekezelelana kwe-stainless steel strip egoqwe ngokushisa kanye ne-cold-rolled kanye nemibono yokulawula ubukhulu efaneleka lapho ukuqina kokuqina kubalulekile. Empeleni, ikhoyili engcono kakhulu yileyo ehambisana nendawo yokugqwala, indlela yokwakha, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola, hhayi nje inombolo ye-alloy.

Indlela yokukhetha ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqwe ngokushisa engu-316 316L ukuze isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo

Ikhoyili efanele iqala ngokubuyekezwa kwemodi yokuhluleka, ngoba ukugqwala akuvamile ukuba yinkinga evamile.

Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa abahlinzeki, thola ukuthi ingxenye izobhekana nama-chloride, i-acid condensate, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, inkungu kasawoti, amanzi agelezayo, noma umswakama ophezulu. Ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni nezasolwandle, ukuhlaselwa kwe-chloride kudala imigodi yendawo ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale ukugqwala okufanayo. Yingakho i-chlorideikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali engagqwali engagqwalikumele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana nokuchayeka kwangempela, hhayi ngokuhambisana nelebula elibanzi lemboni.

Ekwenzeni okunamandla okushiselwa, i-316L ivame ukuthandwa kune-316 ngoba umkhawulo wekhabhoni ophansi unciphisa ingozi yokuzwela endaweni ethintekile ukushisa. Ezingxenyeni ezizodonswa ngokujulile, zigotshwe, noma zigxivizwe, isimo sokugoqwa okubandayo sivame ukubaluleka njengokukhetha i-alloy ngoba ukwakheka kwamaphutha, ukuqhekeka komphetho, kanye nokubuyela emuva kungavela ekubeni yisicaba okungekuhle noma ubulukhuni obungaguquki.

Isihlungi sesibili yindlela yokwenziwa, ngoba i-alloy efanayo ingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngemva kokuqhekeka, ukulinganisa, noma ukugoqa i-temperament. Uma ikhoyili izobakucutshungulwe njengesitokwe sekhoyili ukuze kwenziwe okunye, buza ukuthi umhlinzeki ulawula isimo somphetho, umqhele, kanye nesethi yekhoyili, njengoba lokhu kuthinta ukuzinza kokudla okungezansi. Uma uchungechunge lwakho lokuhlinzeka ludinga ububanzi obuguquliwe bokunyathela noma ukugoqa, i-umucu wensimbi engagqwali oqondilekunganciphisa ukungcola okubangelwa ukuhlukahluka kobubanzi. Uma iphrojekthi isebenzisa ukupakisha okuqinile noma ihadiwe yokubopha,izintambo zensimbi engagqwalizingabelana ngesisekelo esifanayo sensimbi kodwa zidinga izidingo ezahlukene zomphetho kanye nokuthambekela.

Ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqwe ngokubandayo engu-316L uma iqhathaniswa ne-316L: yini eshintshayo ngempela

Umehluko phakathi kuka-316 no-316L mncane ephepheni kodwa ubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusethweni.

Womabili la mazinga angaphansi komndeni wensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic futhi avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kufanele kudlule inhloso ejwayelekile engu-304. Umehluko osebenzayo okuqukethwe yikhabhoni: i-316L inesilinganiso esiphezulu sekhabhoni esiphansi, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuna kwe-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela. Yingakho abenzi bezinto bevame ukucacisa i-316L yamathangi ashisiwe, izinto zasolwandle, imishini yokucubungula, kanye nezingxenye ezingenakulungiswa ngokushisa ngemva kokushisela.

Kubathengi, umthetho oyinhloko ulula: khetha u-316 lapho ukushisela kulinganiselwe futhi ukuhambisana komshini kuyinto eza kuqala, bese ukhetha u-316L lapho ubuqotho bokushisela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala ngemva kokwenziwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Lo mqondo wokukhetha usekelwa yizimpawu zezinto eziku-I-ASTM A240kanye nesiqondiso esibanzi sensimbi engagqwali esishicilelwe yi-Isikhungo seNickel, okuchaza ukuthi kungani amazinga aqukethe i-molybdenum ethandwa ezindaweni ezinolaka.

Kungani i-coil egoqiwe ebandayo ibalulekile kwi-coil yensimbi engagqwali engagqwali engagqwali

Ukugoqa okubandayo kuthuthukisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yendawo, okungaba okubaluleke njengokukhethwa kwe-alloy.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezigoqwe ngokushisa, i-coil egoqwe ngokushisa ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ingxenye idinga ukulawulwa kobukhulu obuqinile, ukuba yisicaba okungcono, kanye nobuso obubushelelezi. Emigqeni yokwenziwa, lezo zimfanelo zisiza ekunyatheliseni, ekusikeni nge-laser, ekwakheni, kanye nasezintweni zokuhlobisa lapho kubonakala khona amaphutha ebusweni.ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali yebanga lolwandle, ikhwalithi yokuqeda ingathinta nendlela okulula ngayo ukuhlanzwa kwezinsalela zikasawoti noma izinto ezingcolisayo ebusweni.

Ngokuvumelana neI-ISO 9444-1:2009, ukubekezelelana kobukhulu bomugqa wensimbi engagqwali kuchazwa ngokulawula okucacile ukujiya nobubanzi. Ekuthengeni kwangempela, lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ikhoyili engasakwazi ukubekezelela ingabangela ukushintshashintsha kokudla, ukungahambisani kahle, noma isisindo sengxenye esingaguquki. Uma umugqa wakho ushesha kakhulu, lokho kushintshana kuba yizicucu, hhayi nje inothi lekhwalithi.

Uma ukubukeka, ukuba yisicaba, kanye nokwakheka okuphansi komfula kubalulekile, izinto ezigoqiwe ezibandayo ngokuvamile ziyindawo yokuqala efanele. Uma umsebenzi ungowesakhiwo futhi ubukhulu bukhulu, isitokwe esigoqiwe esishisayo singase sibe sezingeni eliphansi. Yingakho umndeni womkhiqizo kuamakhoyili ensimbi engagqwalikufanele kuhlungwe ngokuqeda kanye nokubekezelelana, hhayi nje ngebanga.

Yikuphi ukuqeda ubuso kanye nokuqina okufanele ukucacise

Ukuphela kobuso kanye nokuqina kuthinta ngqo ukuthi ikhoyili iziphatha kahle yini enqubweni yakho.

Ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo, ukuqeda akusikho okokuhlobisa kuphela. Ukuqeda okubushelelezi nokufana kakhulu kungathuthukisa ukuhlanzeka futhi kunciphise ukugcinwa kokungcola endaweni, kuyilapho indawo elukhuni noma engaguquki ingase ibambe usawoti, umswakama, noma izinsalela zenqubo. Emibhalweni eminingi yokuthenga, i-2B iwukuphela okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni ngoba iyaguquguquka, kuyilapho i-BA noma ukuqeda okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kusetshenziswa lapho ukubukeka noma ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqina nakho kubalulekile ngoba izinga elifanayo lingatholakala ezimweni zokushisa ezithambile noma ezinzima. Ukushisa okuthambile kuvame ukusiza ekudonseni okujulile kanye nokugoba kwe-radius eqinile, kuyilapho ukushisa okunzima kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwefomu kanye namandla okugcina. Uma ingxenye yakho kufanele igxivizwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, cela ifasitela lokuqina kunencazelo engacacile.

Uma ukusetshenziswa kuyindawo yokuvala amakhemikhali, i-marine bracket, noma ingxenye yenqubo emanzi, ukufana kwendawo kanye nokulawula ubulukhuni kuvame ukunquma ukuthi ikhoyili ingangena yini ekukhiqizweni ngaphandle kokuzama-nephutha. Uma umkhiqizo uzohlukaniswa ube ububanzi obuncane, cela ikhwalithi yomphetho ehambisanayo kanye nesethi yekhoyili ngoba izinto ezincane zandisa noma yikuphi ukungazinzi kwe-strip. Indawo enhle yokuqala ingekamhlinzeki.umucu wensimbi engagqwaliikhono, njengoba ububanzi besikhala buvame ukuveza ikhwalithi yenqubo kangcono kunolimi lokuthengisa lwe-broad coil.

Abathengi bedatha yokumelana nokugqwala okufanele bayicele ngempela

Ifayela lemininingwane engcono kakhulu lifaka ubufakazi obulinganisekayo, hhayi izimangalo ezijwayelekile.

Ku-316 kanye no-316L, ikhemikhali kufanele ibhalwe phansi ngesitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwesigayo esibonisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium, i-nickel, ne-molybdenum, kanye ne-carbon yebanga le-L. I-ASTM kanye ne-EN zilawula ukwakheka kanye nezidingo zokuhlolwa kwemishini, kodwa i-oda lakho lokuthenga kufanele futhi lifune izinto zokuhlola ezifanelana nezinga lakho lobungozi. Uma ikhoyili izosebenza ekuvezweni kwe-chloride, buza ukuthi umhlinzeki anganikeza yini amarekhodi okudlula, ukuqinisekiswa kokuphela kwendawo, kanye nezinombolo zokushisa ezilandelekayo.

Esinye isibonakaliso esiwusizo ukuthi izinsimbi ezingagqwali zemindeni engu-316 ziqukethe i-molybdenum, okuyisizathu esenza zisebenze kangcono kune-304 ezindaweni eziningi ezicebile nge-chloride. Esinye isibonakaliso esiwusizo ukulawula ubukhulu: ekuthengeni ama-coil, ukujiya kanye nokubekezelelana kobubanzi akuthinti nje kuphela ukulingana kodwa futhi kuthinta nesivuno senqubo. Ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu, ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kungahunyushwa kube ukulungiswa kokusetha okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokususwa.

Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lubucayi kakhulu, njengemishini yokudla, ihadiwe eseduze nokususa usawoti emanzini, noma ukuhlobisa kwasolwandle kwangaphandle, kufanelekile ukuvumelanisa ukuthengwa nezindlela zokuhlola eziqashelwayo.I-ASTM G48I-standard isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kokugqwala kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali, futhi inencazelo enkulu kunezimangalo zokumaketha ezijwayelekile ngoba inikeza isisekelo selabhorethri esichaziwe sokuqhathanisa ama-alloy.

Izimo ezivamile zemboni yekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali yezinga lolwandle

Umongo uqhuba isinqumo sebanga ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi ukuqhathanisa ikhathalogi.

Emaphrojekthini asogwini noma asogwini, i-316L ivame ukukhethwa ngoba isifutho sikasawoti kanye nomswakama ogciniwe kusheshisa ukuhlaselwa kwendawo. Ezimbonini zokucubungula, inselele ingaba ukuhlanza amakhemikhali kunokuba kube ngamanzi olwandle, kodwa insipho ephethe i-chloride ingadala izingozi ezifanayo. Ekuhlobiseni kwezakhiwo, inkinga ivame ukuba kokubili ukugqwala kanye nokubukeka, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yokuqeda okugoqiwe okubandayo iba yinkinga yezentengiselwano kanye neyobuchwepheshe.

• Ihadiwe yasolwandle:izibambo, amabhuleki, izibambo zokubopha, kanye nokuhlobisa kwangaphandle okuvezwe emoyeni osawoti.
• Ukucubungula amakhemikhali:izivalo, izembozo, ama-liners, kanye nezingxenye ze-splash-zone.
• Imishini yokudla neziphuzo:izindawo ezingagezwa lapho inhlanzeko kanye nokugqwala kubalulekile khona.
• Ingqalasizinda yangaphandle:amaphaneli kanye neziqaphi ezibhekene nomswakama, imvula, kanye nosawoti ophuma emoyeni.

Kuzinhlelo ze-OEM, abathengi bavame ukukhetha ukuhlinzekwa kwekhoyili okuhambisanayo okunobubanzi obuzinzile kanye nesimo sobuso obuphindaphindwayo ngoba amathuluzi aqinisekiswa kanye bese kulindeleke ukuthi asebenze izinyanga. Kwabasabalalisi, ukumbozwa kwesitoko okubanzi kungabalulekile ngaphezu kwencazelo eyodwa eqinile. Kuzo zombili izimo, isu lokuthola eliphumelela kakhulu ukuchaza indawo kuqala, bese ukhetha ukwakhiwa kwekhoyili okuqondile okwesibili.

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuqhathanisa umhlinzeki lwekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqiwe ebandayo engu-316L

Ukuqhathanisa okuhle komhlinzeki kufanele kubeke phambili ubufakazi kunezithembiso.

Cela umthengisi ngamunye isethi efanayo yamadokhumenti ukuze ukuqhathanisa kube okuqondile. Lolo hlu kufanele lufake ibanga le-alloy, uhlobo lomkhiqizo, izinga lokubekezelelana, ukuqeda, ububanzi bobulukhuni, indlela yokulandelela, indlela yokupakisha, kanye nesikhathi sokuhola. Uma umhlinzeki enikeza nokuguqulwa okulandelayo njengokusika noma ukupakisha okuvikelayo, lokho kunganciphisa izindleko zakho zokucubungula kwangaphakathi futhi kunciphise umonakalo wokuphatha.

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ezungezile igcwele i-chloride, i-asidi, inomswakama, noma ixubile.
2. Khetha u-316 noma u-316L ngokusekelwe engcupheni yokushisela kanye nokugqwala.
3. Cacisa ukugoqwa okubandayo uma ukuba yisicaba, ukubukeka, noma ukunemba kokwakheka kubalulekile.
4. Chaza ukuqeda, ubulukhuni, ububanzi, kanye nokubekezelelana kobukhulu ngokubhala.
5. Cela i-MTC, ukulandelelwa kokushisa, kanye namarekhodi okuhlola ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga ububanzi obuguquliwe bokunyathela noma ukuphakelwa okuzenzakalelayo, umhlinzeki one-ukunqunywa kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwe-stripikhono linganciphisa ubungozi bokukhiqiza. Uma ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kungukubopha noma ukubopha isevisi ebolile,izintambo zensimbi engagqwalikungaba umndeni womkhiqizo oseduze owusizo ukuwuhlola ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Uma i-316L ifanele izindleko ezengeziwe

I-316L ifanele izindleko ezengeziwe uma ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nokuqina kokugqwala kuholela ezindleleni zokwehluleka.

Uma ingxenye ishiselwe ngemva kokwakheka, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni ku-316L kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuzwela eduze kwama-weld. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu kumathangi, izinto zokufakelwa zasolwandle, izembozo zenqubo emanzi, kanye nezinhlangano ezingenakushiswa ngokuphelele ngemva kokwenziwa. Uma ingxenye ingashiselwe futhi indawo ingenalo ulaka, i-316 ingaba yanele futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibe ngeyongayo.

Ngokombono wokuthenga, izindleko zezinto ezengeziwe ezingama-316L zivame ukufaneleka uma izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni sengxenye eqediwe ziphezulu. Ekusebenzeni okugqwalisayo, izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila zivame ukuba yizona ezibusa intengo yokuqala yekhoyili. Leso yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza onjiniyela abaningi basho i-316L yezingxenye ezibalulekile ngisho noma izinga eliphansi lingaba lishibhile ngosuku lokuqala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqwe ngokubandayo engu-316L

Ingabe i-316L ingcono njalo kune-316 ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo?

Cha. I-316L ivame ukuba ngcono ezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe, kodwa i-316 ingafaneleka uma ukushisela kulinganiselwe futhi indawo ingabi nzima kangako.

Kungani ukhethe i-cold rolled esikhundleni se-hot rolled coil?

I-coil egoqekile ebandayo ingcono uma udinga ukulawulwa kobukhulu obuqinile, ikhwalithi yendawo ebushelelezi, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile kokwakheka.

Yikuphi ukuqeda ubuso okuvame kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kokugqwala kwezimboni?

I-2B ivame ukusetshenziswa ngoba ilinganisela ukubukeka, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nokutholakala, kuyilapho i-BA noma ukuqedwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kukhethwa ngezidingo ezikhethekile zobuhle.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngiyidinga ngempela i-coil yensimbi engagqwali yohlobo lwe-marine grade?

Uma ingxenye izobhekana ne-salty spray, umoya ogwini, ukuchitheka kwamanzi olwandle, noma izinto zokuhlanza i-chloride, izinto ze-316-family zivame ukuba ukukhetha okuphephile kune-304.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ngiwacele ngaphambi kokuthenga?

Cela isitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwesigayo, umbiko wobukhulu, imininingwane yesimo sobuso, kanye nereferensi ye-ASTM noma ye-ISO efanele.

Ingabe ububanzi besikhala bubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokugqwala?

Yebo, ngokungaqondile. Ikhwalithi ephansi yomphetho kanye nokungalingani kobubanzi kungabangela izinkinga zokudla, umonakalo, kanye nemiphumela yokwenziwa okungalingani.

Yiliphi iphutha elivame kakhulu ekukhetheni ikhoyili?

Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukukhetha ngegama lebanga kuphela bese ungazinaki indawo yangempela, ukuqeda, ubulukhuni, kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza.

Ngamafuphi, okungcono kakhuluIkhoyili yensimbi engagqwali egoqiwe ebandayo engu-316Lyileyo efanelana nezidingo zokuchayeka, indlela yokwakha, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwengxenye yokugcina. Uma indawo ezungezile iqukethe ama-chloride noma ukumanzisa okuphindaphindiwe,ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali engagqwali engagqwaliemndenini we-316 ngokuvamile yindawo efanele yokuqala. Uma iphrojekthi ingeyelwandle, ishiselwe, noma ithinta inhlanzeko, i-316L kanye nokuphela okugoqekile okubandayo okulawulwayo kuvame ukunikeza ibhalansi ethembeke kakhulu yokumelana nokugqwala, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuphila kwesevisi.